EXPLAINING THE VARIATION IN THE EMPIRICAL ESTIMATES OF ACADEMIC KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS*
这篇论文通过元回归分析，梳理了关于学术知识溢出与区域创新关系的实证研究，发现结果受国家效应、地理聚合水平、创新产出测量方法等因素影响，且控制发表偏倚后，大学研究对区域创新的真正溢出效应证据较弱。
ABSTRACT This paper presents a meta‐regression analysis of the empirical studies exploring the relationship between academic knowledge spillovers and regional innovation. The results of the literature are found to depend on country effects, the level of geographical aggregation employed, the method of measuring innovative output, the use of industry‐level data, and on the sectoral composition of the sample. Endogeneity, sample selection, and agglomeration forces are further elements that explain the findings on this issue but only weak evidence, after controlling for publication bias, supports the existence of a genuine spillover effect of university research on regional innovation.