Mean Variance Vulnerability
将Gollier和Pratt的风险脆弱性概念移植到均值方差偏好框架中，证明风险脆弱性等价于均值方差无差异曲线斜率随均值递减、随方差递增，并引入均值方差脆弱性来统一刻画递减绝对风险厌恶、风险脆弱性、适当性和标准性等概念。
This paper transfers the concept of Gollier and Pratt's (Gollier, C., J. W. Pratt. 1996. Risk vulnerability and the tempering effect of background risk. Econometrica 64 1109–1123) risk vulnerability into mean variance preferences. Risk vulnerability is shown to be equivalent to the slope of the mean variance indifference curve being decreasing in mean and increasing in variance. Next, we introduce the notion of mean variance vulnerability to link the concepts of decreasing absolute risk aversion, risk vulnerability, properness, and standardness. All of the abovementioned concepts are characterized in terms of mean variance indifference curve properties and in terms of absolute risk measures.