Distribution of Research Gains in Multistage Production Systems
研究多阶段生产系统中降低某一阶段成本的研究如何惠及所有阶段的生产者和消费者，并探讨不完全竞争对收益分配的影响。
Abstract In a multistage production system, research that reduces production costs at one stage provides benefits to producers at all stages and to consumers. Agricultural production is assumed to involve three stages: nonfarm input, farm, and marketing. Research causes a parallel drop of the supply curve. Benefits are measured as changes in economic surplus. With a competitive model, the distribution of research benefits is the same for research directed at each production stage. Implications for the distribution of research benefits of some forms of imperfect competition are investigated.