Effects of Australian International Air Transport Regulation
构建了一个竞争性民航市场模型，分析四种监管方式对市场的影响，并用澳大利亚数据估算监管的福利成本。
International civil aviation is subject to regulation by governments. A model of civil aviation demand and supply in competitive markets is presented. Four different approaches to regulation are then identified. These all involve attempts to control entry and flight frequency, but with different motivations and different degrees of effectiveness. These regulatory practices are then imposed on the market model. Predictions are derived and checked against observed results of Australian regulation. These are used to generate upper and lower bound estimates of the welfare cost of Australian regulation. INTERNATIONAL civil aviation is characterised by persistent and pervasive regulation. The aim of this paper is to choose one from a number of models of the regulatory process in Australia and to estimate the significance of the burden imposed on consumers. The method is to present a basic model which captures the significant characteristics of an air transport system and then to depict pricing and capacity rules which represent different regulatory systems. The depiction suggests tests for deciding which system corresponds to the actual regulatory policy. The model of regulation chosen is then used to estimate its welfare cost. The sovereignty of a country over its air space has become a convention in international relations. Countries have enforced this power and, subsequently, international air services can only be provided by the agreement of countries at both ends of a route. The mechanism is a series of bilateral agreements in which countries agree to exchange access rights. The agreements also determine which airlines can operate on routes between the parties, how much capacity those airlines can offer and how fares will be set. This system is characterised below as control of capacity, fares and entry. Variants of this basic policy operate in all countries. Also the basic policy, until recently, corresponded to Australian policy. Towards the end of 1981, there was a major change in Australian policy when control of money fares