PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFORT: THE LABOR-SUPPLY DECISIONS OF LATE VICTORIAN COALMINERS
研究了19世纪末英国煤矿业中工资上涨是否导致工人减少努力或出勤，利用单个矿场的个体面板数据发现努力对工资的短期弹性为正，出勤弹性不明确，但无证据支持工资上升时旷工增加。
It is widely believed that one of the main causes of productivity decline in British coalmining in the late nineteenth century was that when wage rates increased, miners responded by reducing work effort and/or attendance. However, previous empirical studies have conflated behavioral responses with correlations between coal-seam quality and wage rates. Using individual panel data from a single mine, I show that the short-run wage elasticity of worker effort was in fact positive. The true elasticity of attendance is less clear, but there is no support for the idea that absenteeism increased when wage rates rose.