Organizational Downsizing: A Convergence and Reorientation Framework
澄清了组织裁员的定义，并基于文献构建了一个理论框架，分析有效裁员的过程及其伴随的组织变化，识别了关键的组织过程、特征和结果。
Organizational downsizing is becoming pervasive as a characteristic of modern organizations, yet little scholarly literature has addressed the processes and outcomes associated with this phenomenon at the organizational level. Downsizing has often mistakenly been confused operationally with concepts such as decline, layoffs, or nonadaptability, indicating that the definition of the concept remains imprecise. This paper offers a straightforward, operational definition of downsizing. Then the literature on organizational downsizing is used to build a theoretical framework of the process of effective downsizing and the organizational changes that may accompany it. Important organizational processes, characteristics, and outcomes associated with downsizing are identified.