The Impact of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on Ethnic Stratification in Africa
研究发现跨大西洋奴隶贸易显著增加了当今非洲的族群异质性，通过相关性和工具变量分析证实了奴隶出口与族群分层之间的正向关系。
In the last 15 years, economists and economic historians have argued that Africa has undergone a “reversal of fortune” and that ethnic fragmentation is a significant cause of Africa's underdevelopment. In this article, we join these narratives by arguing that the transatlantic slave trade increased the degree of ethnic heterogeneity in Africa today. Using both correlational and causal instrumental variables analysis, we find an economically and statistically significant positive relationship between slave exports and ethnic heterogeneity. This relationship is robust to changes in the scheme for drawing ethnic boundaries and the choice of observational unit.