Skill Upgrading and Production Transfer within Swedish Multinationals
研究了1990年代瑞典制造业跨国公司内部生产转移与母公司技能升级的关系，发现向非OECD国家的垂直型投资显著提升了母公司技能劳动力占比，而向OECD国家的水平型投资则无此效应。
Abstract This paper studies the link between production transfer within Swedish‐headquartered multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the manufacturing industry and skill upgrading in their parent companies in the 1990s. The analysis distinguishes between horizontal and vertical foreign direct investment (FDI). The increased employment share in the affiliates in non‐OECD countries (vertical FDI) has a non‐trivial, significantly positive effect on the share of skilled labor in the Swedish parents. On the other hand, the parents’ skill upgrading is unrelated to employment changes in their affiliates in other OECD countries (horizontal FDI). This is consistent with implications of the newly developed horizontal MNE models.