CEO duality and organizational performance: A longitudinal analysis
研究了141家公司6年间CEO兼任董事长（二元性）与独立领导结构对财务绩效的影响，发现独立领导的公司表现更优。
Abstract All public corporations must make a choice regarding board leadership structure. Advocates of more effective corporate governance argue for independent board leadership; yet many firms choose instead to allow the CEO to serve as board chairperson (CEO duality). This study examines the differential financial implications of these choices for 141 corporations over a 6‐year time period. Results indicate significant differences in performance between the two groups along a number of performance measures; more specifically, firms opting for independent leadership consistently outperformed those relying upon CEO duality.