Geography, Industrial Organization, and Agglomeration
利用独特数据库和地图软件测量集聚外部性的地理范围，并检验组织性集聚经济的存在，发现本地化经济迅速衰减且产业组织影响集聚收益。
This paper makes two contributions to the empirical literature on agglomeration economies. First, the paper uses a unique and rich database in conjunction with mapping software to measure the geographic extent of agglomerative externalities. Previous papers have been forced to assume that agglomeration economies are club goods that operate at a metropolitan scale. Second, the paper tests for the existence of organizational agglomeration economies of the kind studied qualitatively by Saxenian (1994). This is a potentially important source of increasing returns that previous empirical work has not considered. Results indicate that localization economies attenuate rapidly and that industrial organization affects the benefits of agglomeration. © 2003 President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.