Testing the Infrequent Purchases Model Using Direct Measurement of Hidden Consumption from Food Stocks
通过测量调查期内食品库存变化来直接观测隐藏消费，检验非频繁购买模型能否准确区分零支出是源于未消费还是未观测到的购买，发现该模型存在显著偏差。
Survey reports of zero expenditure result from either genuine non‐consumption, or purchases undertaken too infrequently to observe during a survey, with hidden consumption from stocks. Infrequent purchase models rely on untested hypotheses to distinguish these types of zeros. We test such models with data from an unusual survey where food stocks are measured at the start and end of the survey reference period. Parameter estimates using these direct measures of hidden consumption out of stocks are compared with estimates from infrequent purchase models that attempt to recover this hidden consumption. The results suggest considerable bias when using the infrequent purchase models.