Forms of Control and Leader Behavior
将领导视为选择合适控制策略以实现目标的过程，通过多维尺度分析提取出四种领导者行为维度：显性与隐性控制、情境与个人控制、专业与家长式控制、过程与结果控制。
Viewing leadership as the process of selecting an appropriate means (or control strategy) to reach a desired goal, this paper investigates the underlying structure of supervisory control. Using a multidimensional scaling procedure, four leader behavior dimensions are extracted and identified: obtrusive vs. unobtrusive control, situ-ational vs. personal control, professional vs. paternalistic control, and process vs. output control. The implications of the findings for past and future research are then considered.