Structural Change Out of Agriculture: Labor Push versus Labor Pull
研究了农业就业份额下降的两大驱动因素：农业技术进步（劳动力推动）和工业技术进步（劳动力拉动），基于12个工业化国家19世纪以来的数据，发现1920年前以拉动为主，1960年后以推动为主。
A declining agricultural employment share is a key feature of economic development. Its main drivers are: improvements in agricultural technology combined with Engel's law release resources from agriculture (“labor push”), and improvements in industrial tech nology attract labor out of agriculture (“labor pull”). We present a model with both channels and evaluate the importance using data on 12 industrialized countries since the nineteenth century. Results suggest that the “pull” channel dominated until 1920 and the “push” channel dominated after 1960. The “pull” channel mattered more in countries in early stages of the structural transformation. This contrasts with modeling choices in recent literature..