Why Workers Want Unions: The Role of Relative Wages and Job Characteristics
构建并估计了美国国家劳资关系委员会工会代表选举中个人投票决定模型，发现工人对工会的偏好与公司内相对工资排名负相关，非工资工作特征感知和职业安全感是重要决定因素，且黑人和年长工人投票倾向不同。
In this study a model of the determination of individual votes in National Labor Relations Board representation elections was developed and estimated. The major conclusions fall into four areas. First, the perceived advantage of unionization is inversely related to the individual's position in the intrafirm earnings distribution. Second, explicitly measured perceptions of the impact of unionization on the nonwage aspects of the job are important determinants of the vote. Third, concern for the impact of unionization on job security is an important aspect of the unionization decision. Finally, it was found that after controlling for the effects of unionization on various aspects of the employment relationship, blacks are more likely and older workers are less likely to vote for unionization.