Accounting for Air Pollution Emissions in Measures of State Manufacturing Productivity Growth
使用Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数，将污染减排活动纳入美国各州制造业生产率测算，发现考虑排放后年均生产率增长为3.6%，远高于忽略排放时的1.7%。
A Malmquist‐Luenberger productivity index is employed to account for both marketed output and the output of pollution abatement activities of U.S. state manufacturing sectors for –1986. The index allows us to decompose the change in productivity into measures of change in efficiency and technical change. By accounting for the change in emissions, average annual productivity growth is 3.6 percent, whereas it is 1.7 percent when emissions are ignored. We also find adjusted productivity growth improved after 1977, and “Frost Belt” states with rapidly growing manufacturing sectors have significantly higher rates of productivity growth than “Sun Belt” states with slow growing manufacturing sectors.