Spatial Integration in the Spanish Mackerel Market
运用分数协整技术分析西班牙五个区域鲭鱼一级市场间的长期联系，发现市场并未整合，这对地方、区域及欧洲当局制定差异化政策具有重要启示。
Abstract This article analyses the potential links between regional first‐sale markets for mackerel in Spain using fractional cointegration techniques. The results indicate that this is not an integrated market, and we demonstrate that there are no links, at least in the long term, between any of Spain's five regional markets. This result has significant implications in policy terms, as local, regional and European authorities must take into account the need to apply distinct local policies.