The Theory of Optimal Law Enforcement
这篇综述梳理了最优执法的经济学文献，从贝克尔1968年的开创性论文出发，讨论罚款与查处概率如何影响犯罪威慑，以及后续研究为何质疑贝克尔结论。
The economic literature on optimal law enforcement is very recent. Becker's seminal paper on crime and law enforcement dates from 1968 and most papers which are the focus of this survey have been published in the last ten years.The core result presented by Becker is the following: the probability and the severity of punishment deter crime. Therefore, the fine should be maximal since it is a costless transfer whereas the probability of detection and conviction is costly. Much of the recent work has attempted to show why Becker's result may not hold.