Marketization of household production and the EU-US gap in work
指出欧美工作时长差异源于美国家庭生产（如做饭、育儿、养老、保洁）市场化程度更高，尤其影响女性劳动供给，建议欧盟通过政策推动女性从家庭转向市场。
type="main" xml:lang="en"> Employment rates and hours worked per employee are very different in the EU and the US. This paper relates the greater time worked in the US to greater marketization in the US of traditional household production: food preparation, childcare, elderly care, cleaning houses. Since women do most household work, marketization is particularly relevant to the EU–US difference in hours worked by women. We suggest that to raise employment rates the EU should develop policies that make it easier for women to move from the household to the market and to substitute market goods and services for household production. — Richard B. Freeman and Ronald Schettkat