Institutional Influences on Poverty in the Nineteenth Century: A Quantitative Comparative Study
运用主成分分析研究19世纪制度对贫困的影响，发现经济与人口变化对贫困的影响因土地制度、依附关系和政治制度等而异。
We apply disjoint principal components analysis to study institutional influences on the course of poverty in the nineteenth century. Classificatory data summarize varied facets of economic and noneconomic institutional structure and change.Four sets of countries are distinguished by characteristics of the course of poverty. The components models show that the impact of economic and demographic changes (export expansion, marketization, industrial expansion, immigration) have consequences for poverty that vary greatly between and within country sets, depending on the character of institutions: above all, land systems, dependence relationships, and political institutions.