Taxes, Cigarette Consumption, and Smoking Intensity
利用吸烟者体内可替宁浓度数据，发现吸烟者会通过每支烟吸得更狠来应对烟草税提高，从而质疑增税的健康效果，并构建了考虑吸烟强度的理性成瘾模型。
This paper analyses the compensatory behavior of smokers. Exploiting data on cotinine concentration—a metabolite of nicotine—measured in a large population of smokers over time, we show that smokers compensate for tax hikes by extracting more nicotine per cigarette. Our study makes two important contributions. First, as smoking a given cigarette more intensively is detrimental to health, our results question the usefulness of tax increases. Second, we develop a model of rational addiction where agents can also adjust their intensity of smoking, and we show that the previous empirical results suffer from estimation biases.