Human Capital and Growth in the Postbellum South: A Separate but Unequal Story
检验了1880至1950年间人力资本对美国各州收入趋同的作用，发现南方因依赖工作经验而非正规教育、以及种族歧视导致人力资本积累不足，减缓了其向全国其他地区的条件趋同速度。
This article tests the importance of human capital in explaining convergence across the states from 1880 to 1950. Human capital matters to a state's income level and to its growth rate through technological diffusion. The South, whose overwhelmingly agricultural society relied more heavily on work experience than formal education, and whose racial discrimination in school resource allocation lowered human capital accumulation of both blacks and whites, presents a unique pattern. The South's low human capital levels following the Civil War and its active postbellum resistance to education reduced its speed of conditional convergence toward the rest of the nation.