When Excuses Don't Work: The Persistent Injustice Effect Among Black Managers
研究发现，当黑人观察到针对黑人受害者的不公行为时，社会解释或借口对不公正感知的影响很弱，这被称为持续不公正效应，源于群体认同和个人不公经历共同增强的共情。
In this paper, we examine the underlying dynamics of the differences between blacks' and whites' responses to social accounts-explanations or excuses for negative actions and events. Across four studies we found that when black respondents observed unjust behaviors toward a hypothetical black victim, social accounts had a weak impact on perceptions of injustice, confirming the presence of what we call the persistent injustice effect. We also found that social accounts have a weaker impact on perceptions of injustice than on disapproval of the harm-doer and posit that the persistent injustice effect results from a combination of in-group identification with the victim and the respondent's personal experiences with injustice. These two factors, we theorize, combine to create greater empathy for the victim.