Cost-benefit tests for GHG emissions from biofuel production
研究发现基于生命周期评估的生物燃料温室气体减排标准存在偏差，提出了无偏差的减排标准，并用巴西和美国的数据验证了不同土地类型转化为乙醇的可行性。
Biofuel greenhouse gas (GHG)-reduction standards calculated via life-cycle assessment are shown to be biased, even when indirect land-use change is included, because they are based on physical GHG emissions and uptakes and on simple aggregates of balances. We offer a GHG-reduction standard for biofuel production free of these biases, expressed for a range of discount rates and an upper bound on the GHG payback period. A numerical example, based on previously used data, reveals that converting two land types into ethanol in Brazil satisfies our biofuel emissions test, whereas in the United States no land type satisfies our criterion.