Unemployment, Long-Term Employment Relations, and Productivity Growth
用效率工资模型说明企业可能因劳动力市场疲软而提高工作强度，但长期雇佣关系会削弱这一效应，并用制造业数据检验了失业和长期雇佣对生产率增长的影响。
Using an effort-regulation type of efficiency wage model, it is demonstrated that a firm may respond to slackening labor markets by acting to increase the intensity with which workers work. The magnitude of this work intensity effect depends on the structure of employment relations. Where long-term employment relations are prevalent, the effect of labor market slack on work intensity may be diminished. These propositions are tested empirically by estimating the effects unemployment and long-term employment have on productivity growth in two-digit manufacturing industries. Copyright 1987 by MIT Press.