From Bench to Board: Gender Differences in University Scientists' Participation in Corporate Scientific Advisory Boards
研究分析了6,000名生命科学家的数据，发现男性科学家加入企业科学顾问委员会的可能性几乎是女性的两倍，且这一差距主要源于需求侧因素（如性别刻板印象和社会网络中的不平等机会），而非个人选择。
This article examines the gender difference in the likelihood that male and female academic scientists will join corporate scientific advisory boards (SABs). We assess (i) demand-side theories that relate the gap in scientists' rate of joining SABs to the opportunity structure of SAB invitations, and (ii) supply-side explanations that attribute that gap to scientists' preferences for work of this type. We statistically examine the demand- and supply-side perspectives in a national sample of 6,000 life scientists whose careers span more than 30 years. Holding constant professional achievement, network ties, employer characteristics, and research foci, male scientists are almost twice as likely as females to serve on the SABs of biotechnology companies. We do not find evidence in our data supporting a choice-based explanation for the gender gap. Instead, demand-side theoretical perspectives focusing on gender-stereotyped perceptions and the unequal opportunities embedded in social networks appear to explain some of the gap.