Development and Application of a Model of Personal Control in Organizations
提出个人控制的动态模型，认为组织中的个体渴望增加个人控制，并会持续尝试恢复控制感知的平衡，即使期望结果可能无法实现。
A dynamic model of personal control is proposed in this paper. Personal control is defined as the individual's beliefs, at a given point in time, in his or her ability to effect a change, in a desired direction, on the environment. Individuals in organizations are viewed as desirous of increasing their personal control. It is argued that employees of organizations persist in their attempts to restore a balance in their control perceptions, even when desired outcomes may not be attainable. Managerial implications of the model are described.