The Dual Meaning of Managerial Careers: Organizational and Individual Levels of Analysis
提出一个理论框架，通过区分组织与个体两个分析层面，揭示管理职业生涯的双重性，帮助理解组织行为与个体职业选择的关系。
ABSTRACT A theoretical framework is proposed which brings out the duality of managerial careers by distinguishing between organizational and individual levels of analysis. At the organizational level, careers can be seen as part of a process of social reproduction, which points the way to linking organizational form and behaviour with comparatively stable career patterns characteristic of particular firms or kinds of firm. At the individual level careers are expressed as a sequence of work role transitions, representing choices between opportunities presented to managers by organizations. Each level of analysis illuminates a different aspect of managerial careers, but it is equally important that each should be seen in the light of the other.