Developing measures of time‐based manufacturing
提出了基于时间制造的框架，开发了七套衡量关键实践的指标，并验证了车间员工参与通过改善制造实践进而拉动生产的结构关系。
Abstract Case and industry studies have increased our understanding of time‐base manufacturing and focused our attention on its key component practices. Despite important contributions by Blackburn (1991) and Stalk and Hout (1990), we lack a clear definition of time‐based manufacturing and its relationship to Just‐in‐time (JIT). This study proposes a framework for research on time‐based manufacturing, reports on the development of a set of seven instruments for measuring the key practices, and tests relationships among these practices. The instruments are valid, reliable, and generalizable across industries and firm size. Tests of the structural model confirm Monden's (1983) notion that shop‐floor employee involvement leads to improved manufacturing practices which, in turn, lead to pull production.