Market position, resource profile, and governance: linking Porter and Williamson in the context of international courier and small package services in Japan
研究日本国际快递和小包裹服务，通过连接波特的战略定位框架和威廉姆森的交易成本经济学，提出市场定位、资源概况和组织结构三者应相互匹配，并用三阶段自选择模型验证了这一观点。
Abstract Two economic theories that have had an immense impact on modern strategic management research are Porter's strategic positioning framework (SPF) and Williamson's transaction cost economics (TCE). While both theories have contributed to our understanding of strategic management and to the choice of strategy and structure, each theory offers managerial prescriptions that are incomplete at best. We contend that if followed in isolation, each theory can lead to inferior performance. This paper, which studies the international courier and small package (IC&SP) services in Japan, improves upon prescriptions from both theories by linking Porter's and Williamson's approaches. Our main proposition is contained in three relationships that predict a fit among three strategic choices: market position, resource profile, and organizational structure. We test our predictions with a three‐stage, reduced‐form, endogenous self‐selection model. While our empirical methodology is complicated and relies on a multilevel analysis, the methodology is necessary both for analyzing a constellation of activities in the vertical chain and for assessing strategy, structure, and performance when data can be drawn from only a limited number of firms. Our results suggest that a firm's market position, resource profile, and organizational choice are related in ways predicted by a positioning‐economizing perspective. To be sure, our study is ambitious and suffers from a number of limitations; nevertheless, it provides one of the first attempts to theoretically and empirically link Porter's SPF and Williamson's TCE. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.