Union Attitudes to Labor-Saving Innovation: When are Unions Luddites
分析在产品市场寡头竞争和多种劳资关系结构下，工会对节约劳动型创新的反应，发现当工会更看重就业且劳动力需求缺乏弹性时，工会更可能反对创新。
The response of union utility to labor-saving innovation is analyzed within a framework of oligopolistic competition in the product market, taking account of wage bargaining under several alternative structures of industrial relations. Conditions are established under which wages and employment will rise or fall in response to innovation. Union opposition tends to occur when union preferences are weighted in favor of jobs and labor demand is perceived to be inelastic. Thus, opposition is more likely with industry- or craft-based union organization in noncompetitive industries and is less likely with enterprise unionism in competitive industries. Copyright 1994 by University of Chicago Press.