Images in Words: Presidential Rhetoric, Charisma, and Greatness
分析美国总统演讲中图像化修辞的使用频率，发现更多使用图像化语言的总统在魅力和伟大评价上得分更高，表明领导者通过言语描绘愿景的能力影响其魅力与成就。
We analyzed two sets of U.S. presidents' speeches to determine whether their propensities to convey images in words were linked to perceptions of their charisma and greatness. As predicted, presidents who engaged in more image-based rhetoric in their inaugural addresses were rated higher in charisma (Study 1). Presidents who engaged in more image-based rhetoric in speeches that historians considered their most significant ones were rated higher in both charisma and greatness (Study 2). Together, these findings suggest that the successful articulation and enactment of a leader's vision may rest on his or her ability to paint followers a verbal picture of what can be accomplished with their help.