HAAVELMO’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO SIMULTANEOUS-EQUATIONS ESTIMATION
综述了哈维尔莫1943-47年间六篇重要论文，涵盖联立方程方法论、凯恩斯边际消费倾向估计、简化形式推导、时间序列与截面分析对比、美国食品需求模型及农业政策模型，对计量经济学发展有里程碑意义。
This paper surveys Trygve Haavelmo’s contributions to econometrics. A brief summary of his 1944 monograph is followed by an analysis of the six important papers he contributed during 1943–47. Four of them were devoted to macroeconomic models including estimation of the Keynesian marginal propensity to consume; the first two introduced the methodology of a system of structural equations; the third marked a milestone in econometric method by deriving the reduced form of such a system; and the fourth analyzed the contrast between time-series and cross-section analysis. The fifth (joint with M.A. Girshick) on the demand for food provided a definitive treatment of estimation of demand and supply functions; it carried out the execution of a five-equation structural model of the U.S. economy. The sixth was an interesting policy model of the interrelationship between the agricultural and the rural sector of the economy, which was fitted to U.S. data and addressed to questions of policy.