Essai: Dislocating (Instrumental) Organizational Time
探讨时间在组织分析中的作用，指出工具性线性时间观可能削弱对组织作为部分和偶然过程的描述，并引入非连续、非目的论的时间概念，利用吉登斯和卢曼的系统框架说明如何通过通信技术压缩时空，但认为系统框架可能过度强调控制，最后提出时间错位概念以研究组织中被边缘化的“不合时宜”方面。
In this essay I explore the role of time in proximal and distal approaches to organizational analysis. I argue that an instrumental and linear view of time may undermine efforts to describe organizations as partial and contingent pro cesses. Therefore, I supplement instrumental time with a discontinuous and non-teleological account, using A. Giddens' and N. Luhmann's systems frame works to illustrate my argument. Both theorists explain how systems extend present conditions through communication technologies that shrink time and space and, concomitantly, that facilitate reflexive control over future condi tions. However, I argue that the systems framework may overstate organiza tional control by instrumentalizing time in the extension and reproduction of formal organizational structures. I then use the idea of temporal dislocation to signify how 'otherness' subverts systemic presence and thus offers a way of studying those ('untimely' aspects of organizational life that are typically mar ginalized in organizational analysis.