How international sanctions worked: Domestic and foreign political constraints on the Brazilian informatics policy
研究了1985-1989年美巴贸易冲突中，制裁如何通过改变巴西国内政治支持平衡而非仅经济损失，促使巴西调整保护主义信息政策。
From 1985 to 1989, a trade conflict between the United States and Brazil developed around Brazil's protectionist information technology policy. During that period, and under the threat of trade sanctions, some changes were made in the Brazilian policy. The effectiveness of sanctions in promoting policy changes in Brazil resulted not only from economic losses but also from the shift provoked in the balance of political support for the policy within Brazilian society. Moreover, sanctions were effective not because they affected the interests of groups benefiting from the policy, but because they pushed previously uncommitted groups to join the opposition to it.