Coping, individual differences, and strain: A longitudinal study of short‐term role overload
研究在短期角色超载情境下，哪些人格维度和应对策略能减轻压力，发现计划性任务管理与压力存在相互影响，且疏离感对超载与压力的关系有调节作用。
Abstract This study attempted to determine which personality dimensions and coping strategies would reduce or prevent strain in a context of naturally‐occurring short‐term role overload. Subjects were 106 adult undergraduate evening students enrolled in an intensive three‐week summer school session. The median age was 26 years, and 72 per cent of the students worked full‐time. Using a repeated‐measures panel design, the study tested the effectiveness of three types of coping derived from Hall's (1972) typology. Longitudinal analysts using cross‐lagged correlations and structural regressions showed little support for the predicted effects of Hall's three types of coping on subsequent strain. However, a fourth type of coping, Planned Task Management emerged during the analysis and showed a reciprocal relationship with strain. Both variables appeared to influence each other over time, although the effect of prior coping on subsequent strain was slightly but not significantly stronger. Also, alienation (defined as lack of commitment) had a significant moderator effect on the relationship between perceived overload and strain.