Research notes and communications. Toward the development of a planning scale: An example from the banking industry
研究了1969、1972、1975和1978年商业银行正式规划的程度，发现Guttman量表法可用于开发企业规划量表，并介绍了构建步骤，对研究规划与绩效关系有参考价值。
Abstract The study dealt with the degree of formal planning undertaken by the commercial banking industry during 1969, 1972, 1975, and 1978. The study found that the Guttman scaling method can be used to develop a corporate planning scale. An outline of the steps in the construction of a Guttman planning scale is presented. Future research into the relationship between formal planning efforts and organizational performance might incorporate this approach.