Scale Economies and Industry Agglomeration Externalities: A Dynamic Cost Function Approach
通过动态成本函数模型，区分了外部性和周期性利用对短期与长期规模经济及投入替代的影响，发现美国制造业中规模经济普遍存在，且外部因素贡献了部分成本节约，供给侧的集聚效应大于需求侧。
Scale economies and agglomeration externalities are alleged to be important determinants of economic growth. To assess these effects, we outline and estimate a microfoundations model based on a dynamic cost function specification. This model provides for the separate identification of the impacts of externalities and cyclical utilization on short- and long-run scale economies and input substitution patterns. We find that scale economies are prevalent in U.S. manufacturing, cost savings and scale effects often attributed to internal inputs may be due to external factors, and supply-side agglomeration effects are greater than demand-side, especially in the long run.