How Dangerous Are Drinking Drivers?
提出一种仅利用致命车祸数据测量酒后驾驶司机风险的方法，发现血液含酒精的司机引发致命车祸的概率是清醒司机的7倍，法定醉酒司机风险高达13倍，每英里外部成本至少30美分。
We present a methodology for measuring the risks posed by drinking drivers that relies solely on readily available data on fatal crashes. The key to our identification strategy is a hidden richness inherent in two-car crashes. Drivers with alcohol in their blood are seven times more likely to cause a fatal crash; legally drunk drivers pose a risk 13 times greater than sober drivers. The externality per mile driven by a drunk driver is at least 30 cents. At current enforcement rates the punishment per arrest for drunk driving that internalizes this externality would be equivalent to a fine of $8, 000.