Strategy, Structure and `Systemness': National Institutions and Corporate Change in France, Germany and the UK, 1950-1993
区分了“紧密”和“松散”两种国家商业体系视角，利用欧洲企业战略与结构数据以及国家制度数据，发现二战后欧洲企业战略与结构持续稳定地趋同，支持松散体系视角，对比较研究和经济重组有启示。
This paper distinguishes between `tight' and `loose' perspectives on national business systems. These two systems perspectives are compared in the light of new and existing European data on corporate strategies and structures, on the one hand, and national institutions of business finance, management control and top management development on the other. Despite broadly stable and distinctive institutional backgrounds, European corporations are found to have been transforming their strategies and structures steadily and in very similar ways during the whole post-war period. The paper concludes in favour of loose, rather than tight systems perspectives in contemporary Europe and considers implications for comparative research and economic restructuring.