Probation, layoffs, and wage-tenure profiles: A sorting explanation
证明仅凭分类考虑就能解释陡峭的工资-任期曲线、新员工高离职率、工资方差随任期增加以及强制退休规则，并分析了企业随机测试工人及保留未通过测试工人的条件。
In this paper, we demonstrate that sorting considerations alone generate steep wage-tenure profiles, high turnover rates of newly hired workers, an increase in the variance of wages with seniority, and mandatory retirement rules. We show that `excessive monitoring' is sometimes necessary to deter applications from low productivity workers. We derive conditions under which firms randomly test workers, as well as conditions under which firms retain some workers that fail its test. Finally, we show that competition for workers can lower total output.