Smallholder production structure and rural roads in Africa: the case of Nakuru District, Kenya
利用1998年肯尼亚农户调查数据，估计农村道路基础设施差（市场准入成本高）对小农生产结构的影响，发现农民理性应对高成本，并指出政策应推动制度创新以降低交易成本、提高流动性和社会资本。
Abstract Data from a 1998 survey of farming households in Kenya is used to estimate the effects of poor rural road infrastructure (and high market access costs) on the structure of smallholder farm production. Simultaneous estimation of cost and input share equations reveals rational responses by farmers to high access costs. In the expected continued absence of major investments in rural infrastructure in countries such as Kenya, the policy challenge is to identify and catalyse institutional innovations that reduce a range of transaction costs, increase financial liquidity, increase social capital, and reduce risk.