The Motivational Effects of Participation Versus Goal Setting on Performance.
通过实验比较参与决策与目标设定对绩效的激励作用，发现只有目标设定显著提升绩效，且两种目标设定方式均优于“尽力而为”条件。
A 3 x 2 factorial design was used to examine the motivational effects of participation in decision making (PDM) versus goal setting on performance. Seventy-two college students were randomly assigned to one of six conditions. The task selected for the study was a toy assembly project adapted from a business game used in an assessment center. The motivational effects of PDM were isolated from the cognitive by imposing the ideas generated through PDM on another condition. Assigned/participative goals were set in terms of the number of toys that could be produced within a 20-minute period. Goal difficulty was held constant between the two conditions. The results showed a significant main effect for goal setting only. Both forms of goal setting led to performance that was significantly higher than that which occurred in the do best condition. The interaction effect between goal setting and decision making was not significant. (Author)