Competitive Environmental Strategies: When Does it Pay to Be Green?
提出了一个分类框架，帮助管理者识别哪些环境投资既能产生公共效益又能提升企业利润，从而将环境投资转化为竞争优势。
Proactive corporations have typically invested in increasingly ambitious sustainability initiatives. However, managers need to identify the circumstances favoring the generation of both public benefits and corporate profits. For some firms, better utilization of resources may result from some environment-related investments. For others, obtaining ISO 14001 certification or having some eco-labeled products can enable them to pursue competitive advantage. However, no one generic strategy makes business sense for all firms. This article presents a framework for categorizing generic types of competitive environmental strategies in order to help managers define and prioritize areas of organizational action, thus optimizing the overall economic return on environmental investments and making them into sources of competitive advantage.