A Disaggregated, Structural Analysis of Retirement by Race, Difficulty of Work and Health
分解不同种族、职业和健康状况群体的退休率差异，发现平均退休率可能误导对激励的反应，并预测所有群体（包括健康不佳和从事艰苦工作者）都会对1983年社保修正案的工作激励做出反应，导致收入增加。
Intergroup differences in retirement rates by race, major occupation and health status are examined and allocated to differences in budget sets and indifference curve parameters. In addition, comparisons indicate that average retirement rates for groups may, at times, be misleading indicators of marginal responses to incentives. It is predicted that all groups will respond to the work incentives in the 1983 Social Security Amendments, even those ill health and difficult jobs, and the resulting increases in earnings are predicted to amount to from one sixth to over one half of the reductionin lifetime benefits created by the amendments.