The ontology of economic power in capitalism: mainstream economics and Marx
批判主流经济学将权力与完全竞争对立的观点，基于马克思和批判实在论，论证资本主义本身就是一个权力体系，权力与竞争的本体论二分站不住脚。
Mainstream economics conceives power to be incompatible with perfect competition. This conception, I argue, derives from its deductivist method and the ‘empirical realist’ ontology that it presupposes. Following Marx, I show that capitalism constantly reproduces asymmetrical constraints on classes of individuals, independent of the market form. My ontological argument is rooted in the philosophy of ‘critical realism’. My conclusion is that the dichotomy ‘power–competition’ is ontologically untenable. If capitalist relations necessarily involve power, it is not simply because neoclassical competition does not exist in reality, as radical mainstream economists suggest, but rather because capitalism altogether is a ‘system of power’.