Commuting and Congestion: A Simulation Model of a Decentralized Metropolitan Area
开发了一个模拟模型，研究就业分散化对通勤距离和总出行量的影响，发现增加郊区次中心可减少15%-50%的通勤，但总出行量仅减少约5%。
In this paper, a simulation model of commuting behavior in a metropolitan area with decentralized employment and congestion is developed. The model is used to explore the linkage between the dispersed land use patterns in U.S. cities and long commuting journeys which cause congestion and air pollution. The results show that increasing the number of suburban subcenters in a metropolitan area could reduce commuting by 15% to 50%. However, only about one quarter of total urban travel is for commuting. Therefore the reduction in total urban travel that could be expected to result from even drastic policy measures to decentralize employment would probably be low—perhaps as small as 5%. Data are also presented giving private versus social costs of commuting per mile in central cities and suburbs.