Regulatory Pressure and Environmental Management Infrastructure and Practices
研究发现，对公司及其同行的环保违规罚款与公司建立环境管理基础设施（如环境政策报告和董事会环境委员会）相关，表明监管压力是推动环境行动的因素之一。
In this article, we hypothesize that the level of environmentally oriented noncompliance regulatory fines and penalties levied on companies and on their industry counterparts will be associated with the development of an environmental infrastructure and practices within these companies. We find that the presence of these regulatory actions is associated with the likelihood of companies reporting environmental policies and activities and with the presence of a separate board of directors’ committee that monitors company environmental concerns. Our findings suggest that environmental regulatory pressure may serve as a driver of environmental action but is not its only determinant.