Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy
比较了多种衡量国外外包的指标，发现自1970年代以来这些指标均有所上升，并探讨了全球化对低技能工人就业和工资以及贸易和监管政策（如劳工标准）的影响。
The last few decades have seen a spectacular integration of the global economy through trade. The rising integration of world markets has brought with it a disintegration of the production process, however, in which manufacturing or services activities done abroad are combined with those performed at home. The author compares several different measures of foreign outsourcing and argues that they have all increased since the 1970s. He also considers the implications of globalization for employment and wages of low-skilled workers and for trade and regulatory policy, such as labor standards.