The Scalar Transformation of the U.S. Commercial Property‐Development Industry: A Cautionary Note on the Limits of Globalization
批判性审视全球化即经济活动尺度转型的论点，通过对美国哥伦布市商业房地产开发的实证研究，发现行业仍以本地化、碎片化的组织形式为主，强调经济实践的文化嵌入性和地方网络的重要性。
Abstract: Economic geographers have commonly interpreted globalization in terms of a scalar transformation of economic activities in which the dominant form of economic organization progressively shifts from local to more global scales. This article critically examines this thesis in the context of a study of the U.S. commercial property‐development industry. The first section argues that the literature on commercial property development tends to highlight globalizing sectors and activities. This focus generates a partial understanding of the industry that has important ramifications, not the least for examining the relationship between local economic and political elites in U.S. cities. A more cultural reading of economic actors and practices allows for an alternative approach that emphasizes the cultural embeddedness of economic and political practices and the local networks through which knowledge and influence are mobilized. The second section introduces the study area—Columbus, Ohio—and the research methods, and the third section presents the empirical results. These results fail to demonstrate any simple and linear process of scalar transformation. Indeed, a brief comparison with other cities points to the continuing dominance of a localized and fragmented organizational form. The fourth section draws on interviews with property developers to interpret this local structure of social relations. Three conclusions are drawn regarding the extent and nature of scalar transformation in the property‐development industry. The most significant is the need for a more circumspect account of globalization and scalar transformation.