Paying the Price: Final Goods Protection in OECD Countries
通过详细的价格比较，测算了八个发达国家的最终产品贸易保护程度，发现日本关税等值高达57%，欧洲国家在48%-55%之间，美国最低为12%，并分析了这些保护对本国和穷国的经济影响。
This paper presents new measures of final goods trade protection in eight developed countries. The analysis exploits detailed, comprehensive, and careful price comparisons to derive estimates that, it is argued, reliably capture all kinds of barriers. The results show extensive protection. Japan's average tariff equivalent is 57%, those of the European countries range from 48% to 55%, and that of the United States is lowest, at 12%. An applied general-equilibrium analysis of this protection is conducted. The results include the following: Japan's barriers impose large costs on itself; Japanese and U.S. barriers greatly burden poorer countries; the United States would benefit significantly from multilateral, but not unilateral, opening. © 2003 President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.